This GIS layer was produced in association with other layers showing locations of coal-preparation plants in Indiana (COAL_PREPARATION_PLANTS_IN.SHP), coal-slurry deposits in Indiana (COAL_SLURRY_DEPOSITS_IN.SHP), and locations of samples of coal slurry that were collected and analyzed by the Indiana Geological Survey (COAL_SLURRY_SAMPLES_IGS_IN.SHP).
Coal slurry is typically removed from coal-preparation plants through pipelines and, at some localities, through ditches. The point at which the slurry emerges from a pipe or ditch and enters a disposal cell is referred to here as the "discharge point." As the slurry is discharged, its fluid velocity is suddenly reduced, resulting in the deposition of large pieces of coal, minerals, rock fragments, and sulfide-mineralized coal that are high in ash and sulfur and possess low calorific value (Eggert and others, 1980, p. 259-260). As the slurry flows across the subaerial portion of the deposit, the remaining coarse tailings are deposited. When the slurry reaches the standing water of a pond, its fluid velocity drops sharply and only clay and ultrafine coal remain in suspension, gradually settling to the bottom.
Based on inspection of historical aerial photographs and other imagery, this layer was developed to document locations where coal slurry was discharged from pipes or ditches in the period preceding the date of available imagery.
About 160 historical aerial photographs taken between 1937 and 1981 were obtained from the archives of the Indiana Geological Survey (IGS) and georeferenced. Other imagery that was used includes Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads (DOQQs) of the U.S. Geological Survey (1998) and imagery of the National Agricultural Imagery Program (2003) and the Indiana Orthophotography Project (2005).
The identification of discharge points on imagery typically involved the identification of shifting fan deltas that are created at the point where coal slurry is discharged from a pipe or ditch into a disposal cell, together with associated braided or meandering stream channels.
Discharge points were identified on the historical aerial photographs and other imagery, and their locations digitized directly from the imagery using ESRI ArcMap to create this point shapefile. The historical development of some CSDs was complex. Wherever possible, imagery taken on various dates was used to identify and map different stages in the development of a CSD.
Historical aerial photographs are typically black-and-white and may be of poor resolution. Therefore, the recognition of discharge points required subjective interpretations by the investigator.
This GIS layer was produced in association with other layers showing locations of coal-preparation plants in Indiana (COAL_PREPARATION_PLANTS_IN.SHP), coal-slurry deposits in Indiana (COAL_SLURRY_DEPOSITS_IN.SHP), and locations of samples of coal slurry that were collected and analyzed by the Indiana Geological Survey (COAL_SLURRY_ANALYSES_IGS_IN.SHP).
Reference: Eggert, D.L., Miller, L.V., and Irwin, P.N., 1980, Energy resources of the west tailings pond, Airline-Sponsler Mine, Greene County, Indiana: Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, December 1-5, 1980, University of Kentucky, Lexington, p. 255-260.
This data set was compiled by Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey, using data believed to be accurate; however, a degree of error is inherent in all data. This product is distributed "AS-IS" without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of suitability to a particular purpose or use. No attempt has been made in either the design or production of these data to define the limits or jurisdiction of any federal, state, or local government. These data are intended for use only at the published scale or smaller and are for reference purposes only. They are not to be construed as a legal document or survey instrument. A detailed on-the- ground survey and historical analysis of a single site may differ from these data.
CREDIT:
It is requested that the Indiana Geological Survey be cited in any products generated from this data. The following source citation should be included: [COAL_SLURRY_DISCHARGE_IN: Coal Slurry Discharge Points in Indiana (Indiana Geological Survey, 1:21,000, Point Shapefile)].
WARRANTY:
Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey warrants that the media on which this product is stored will be free from defect in materials and workmanship for ninety (90) days from the date of acquisition. If such a defect is found, return the media to Publication Sales, Indiana Geological Survey, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2208, and it will be replaced free of charge.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY:
Except for the expressed warranty above, the product is provided "AS IS", without any other warranties or conditions, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties for product quality, or suitability to a particular purpose or use. The risk or liability resulting from the use of this product is assumed by the user. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey shares no liability with product users indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of revenue or profit, lost or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is not responsible for claims by a third party. The maximum aggregate liability to the original purchaser shall not exceed the amount paid by you for the product.
Discharge points associated with coal-slurry deposits (CSDs) were identified on the historical aerial photographs and other imagery, and their locations were digitized directly from the imagery using ESRI ArcMap to create a point shapefile.
It is requested that the Indiana Geological Survey be cited in any products generated from this data. The following source citation should be included: [COAL_SLURRY_DISCHARGE_IN: Coal Slurry Discharge Points in Indiana (Indiana Geological Survey, 1:21,000, Point Shapefile)].
WARRANTY:
Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey warrants that the media on which this product is stored will be free from defect in materials and workmanship for ninety (90) days from the date of acquisition. If such a defect is found, return the media to Publication Sales, Indiana Geological Survey, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2208, and it will be replaced free of charge.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY:
Except for the expressed warranty above, the product is provided "AS IS", without any other warranties or conditions, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties for product quality, or suitability to a particular purpose or use. The risk or liability resulting from the use of this product is assumed by the user. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey shares no liability with product users indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of revenue or profit, lost or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is not responsible for claims by a third party. The maximum aggregate liability to the original purchaser shall not exceed the amount paid by you for the product.