COMPUTATIONAL SETTING
User-friendly applications are needed for a wide range of environmental
and resource assessments, such as prospecting for low-sulfur coal, restoration
of wetlands, evaluating aquifer sensitivities and vulnerabilities, and
so forth. Solution of such difficult problems requires integration of
theoretically based numerical and statistical models, complex multi-parameter
databases, geographic information system (GIS) layers, and visualization
tools. In order to make the power of these technologies accessible to
the widest possible range of users, a great variety of existing software
packages that are not usually compatible (e.g., numerical hydrologic
simulation applications, GIS packages, 3-D visualization software, etc.)
must be interfaced. Specially talented and broadly trained individuals
are required to work effectively in such a complex computer programming/computational
setting. Applications that allow users to conduct truly interactive
mapping and modeling over the Web (as opposed to merely viewing graphic
images of maps) are very recent, and the software that allows such dynamic
usage is evolving very rapidly. Typically, effective use of such technology
requires knowledge of many different software packages, as well as several
different programming languages. Examples of the software that is used
by personnel of the CGDA to take GIS projects from inception to final
product include GIS packages (ESRI ArcGIS, TIN, GRID, ArcScan, ArcView,
MapObjects, and Internet Map Server), graphics and visualization packages
(Corel, Adobe, Flash, and EVS), and spreadsheet and database software
(Access, Excel). Programming knowledge that is utilized includes Visual
Basic, Avenue, Fortran, C++, HTML, and Java. |